8. 別名文件aliases 編輯別名文件/etc/aliases(也可能是/etc/mail/aliases),移走/注釋掉下面的行。 # Basic system aliases -- these MUST be present. MAILER-DAEMON: postmaster postmaster: root # General redirections for pseudo accounts. bin: root daemon: root #games: root ?remove or comment out. #ingres: root ?remove or comment out. nobody: root #system: root ?remove or comment out. #toor: root ?remove or comment out. #uucp: root ?remove or comment out. # Well-known aliases. #manager: root ?remove or comment out. #dumper: root ?remove or comment out. #operator: root ?remove or comment out. # trap decode to catch security attacks #decode: root # Person who should get roots mail #root: marc 最後更新後不要忘記運行/usr/bin/newaliases,使改變生效。
11.The /etc/host.conf file 編輯host.conf文件(vi /etc/host.conf)且加下面的行﹕ # Lookup names via DNS first then fall back to /etc/hosts. order bind,hosts # We don have machines with multiple IP addresses on the same card (like virtual server,IP Aliasing). multi off # Check for IP address spoofing. nospoof on IP Spoofing: IP-Spoofing is a security exploit that works by tricking computers in a trust relationship that you are someone that you really aren .
16. 資源限製 對你的系統上所有的用戶設置資源限製可以防止DoS類型攻擊(denial of service attacks)如最大進程數, 內存數量等。例如,對所有用戶的限製象下面這樣﹕ 編輯/etc/security/limits.con加﹕ * hard core 0 * hard rss 5000 * hard nproc 20 你也必須編輯/etc/pam.d/login文件加/檢查這一行的存在。 session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so 上面的命令禁止core files“core 0”,限製進程數為“nproc 50“,且限製內存使用 為5M“rss 5000”。
17. The /etc/lilo.conf file a) Add: restricted 加這一行到每一個引導映像下面,就這表明如果你引導時用(linux single),則需要一個password. b) Add: password=some_password 當與restricted聯合用,且正常引導時,需要用戶輸入密碼,你也要確保lilo.conf 文件不能被不屬於root的用戶可讀,也免看到密碼明文。下面是例子﹕ 編輯/etc/lilo.conf加﹕ ==== boot=/dev/sda map=/boot/map install=/boot/boot.b prompt timeout=50 Default=linux restricted ?add this line. password=some_password ?add this line. image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.12-20 label=linux initrd=/boot/initrd-2.2.12-10.img root=/dev/sda6 read-only [root@deep]# chmod 600 /etc/lilo.conf (不再能被其他用戶可讀). [root@deep]# /sbin/lilo -v (更新lilo配置). [root@deep]# chattr +i /etc/lilo.conf(阻止該文件被修改)
18. 禁止 Control-Alt-Delete 重啟動機器命令 [root@deep]# vi /etc/inittab ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t3 -r now To #ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t3 -r now [root@deep]# /sbin/init q
20. The /etc/rc.d/rc.local file 默認地,當你login到linux server時,它告訴你linux版本名,內核版本名和服務器主機名。 它給了你太多的信息,如果你就希望得到提示login: ,編輯/etc/rc.d/rc.local放#在下面的行前面﹕ -- # This will overwrite /etc/issue at every boot. So, make any changes you # want to make to /etc/issue here or you will lose them when you reboot. #echo "" > /etc/issue #echo "$R" >> /etc/issue #echo "Kernel $(uname -r) on $a $(uname -m)" >> /etc/issue # #cp -f /etc/issue /etc/issue.net #echo >> /etc/issue -- 然後,做下面的事情: [root@deep]# rm -f /etc/issue [root@deep]# rm -f /etc/issue.net [root@deep]# touch /etc/issue [root@deep]# touch /etc/issue.net